Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technique that allows investigating tissue hemodynamics in-vivo and non-invasively by measuring optical absorption properties of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin using near infrared light (650-1000 nm). Since its introduction more than forty years ago, NIRS has seen a tremendous research growth due to its unique combination of performance, portability and reduced cost in comparison to other imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET). Importantly, NIRS has also been adopted in the clinical setting as a reliable technique for monitoring cerebral oxygenation in critical care, and many other scientific and clinical applications are rapidly developing. This tutorial introduces the basic principles of NIRS and briefly describes some of the most relevant applications in the field.
KEYWORDS: near infrared spectroscopy; medical applications
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